1. Etiology

2. Pathogenesis

• disruption of the supporting structures (zonular fibres of the ciliary body) results in displacement of the lens
• two major types of displacement:
  • luxation - complete dislocation of the lens
  • subluxation - partial dislocation of the lens (shifted or tilted)

1. Ocular Manifestations

• poor visual acuity
  • blurred vision due to myopia, astigmatism, or aphakic hyperopia
  • diplopia
• iridodenesis
  • tremulousness of the iris (seen best prior to dilatation)
• phacodenesis
  • tremulousness of the lens (seen best after dilatation)
• complications
  • glaucoma

2. Simple Ectopia Lentis

• autosomal dominant inheritance
• age of onset: newborn to later in life
• displacement of the lens up and out

3. Ectopia Lentis et Pupillae

• autosomal recessive inheritance
• bilateral displacement of the lens and pupil (usually temporally) in opposite directions

4. Marfan Syndrome

• occurs in 80% of patients with 50% affected by age 5 yrs
• bilateral displacement of the lens up and out

5. Homocystinuria-I

• often present by 5 yrs of age
• displacement of the lens down and in or into the anterior chamber

1. Diagnosis

1. Correct Optic Problems

• glasses or contact lenses

2. Surgery

• removal of the lens